5.7 Water resource management
Importance of water resource management in LU has been emphasised by Lee e. al., (1991) and Chandra (1992). The matter has been detailed next to a considerable extent.

5.7.1 Management strategies
Biological regeneration of an area is required in many cases for implementation of the suggested LUMP. Mining activities are bound to damage water resource in the area in one way or other. Water resource and LUP in any area are complementary to each other. To develop any suggested LUP optimum quality and quantity of water resource is very much required. Similarly proper, well planned LUP is a tool to achieve optimum water resource.

In the background of this basic concept the table 5.3 has been generated to summarise the impacts of mining on water regime and possible mitigation strategies. However water balance study and water balancing is of prime importance in all such activities.

5.7.2 Water balance study
Classical System: Water balance of an area, is defined classically by a hydrologic equation given below, which is based on the assumption that in a specified period of time all water entering in a given area must be consumed, stored or allowed to go out as surface or sub-surface flow (Garg, 1993)
P + Wi = R + Et + Wo ± <Sg ±<Ss ----------- (1)
Where P = precipitation,
Wi = surface and groundwater imported from areas outside the region,
R = stream out-flow,
Et = evapotranspiration,
Wo = groundwater out-flow,
<Sg= change in groundwater storage, and
<Ss= change in soil moisture storage.
The parameters in equation (1) are defined next so as to understand these for practical purposes.

Table 5.3: Impacts of mining on water regime & possible mitigation strategies

Specific parameter	Impact	Uncontrollable causal factor	Controllable causal factor	Possible Mitigation strategy
1. Surface Water (SW)
A. Physical quality	Erosion & sedimen-tation	Damage to * Topography * Drainage * Vegetation density * Precipitation pattern	* Length & slope of SP surfaces * Placement of SP dumps * Water intercepted by open cut *Type of soil on mined areas * Vegetation density on mined areas	* Minimal damage to natural drainage system * Maximum reusing of SP * In the remaining SP dumps # Planned placement # Grading # Minimising unbroken slope # Vegetating at the earliest # Formation of garland drains # Formation of catch-drains & settling ponds.
B. Surface water potentiality	Same as above	Same as above	Same as above
C. Chemical quality	Mineralised surface waters	OB geochemistry OB stratigraphy precipitation	In SP dumps: * Inversion of soil profile * Change in permeability, length & slope * water bodies intercepted by open cut
2. Ground Water (GW)
A. Quantity	Draw-down Altered GW flow rates	Damage to aquifer (Aq) Pumping out of water from mining site.Rate of pumping	* Disposal of pumped out water * Reclamation of mined out areasSame as above	* Reuse of pumped out water after required treatment to negate GW withdrawal for other purposes in the area. * Reclamation of abandoned quarries in a planned manner to regenerate the damaged Aq and revegetation
B. Quality	Mineralised GW	UG strata geochemistry	Same as above